PRODUCTION OF BIOPLASTIC FROM WASTE MAIZE COB

Abstract

This research focused on the development of bioplastics from waste maize cob, which can be used as a natural binder, and, processed maize, serving as the primary starch source. The motivation behind this study was to provide an eco-friendly alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics, which significantly contribute to environmental pollution. The method used was a factorial experiment. Different amounts of starch and maize cob binder were tested to determine their effects on the bioplastic properties. Starch was extracted from the processed maize using a wet milling process. The required amounts of starch, maize cob powder, and glycerol were weighed using an analytical balance. The starch-binder-plasticizer mixture was heated at 90°C in an electric heater for 11 to 15 minutes. The results indicated that the bioplastic produced from maize starch and corn cob exhibited superior mechanical performance compared with bioplastics made from non-fermented starch sources, such as potato and cassava. The material showed significant elasticity ranging from 0.60 ± 1.02, 3.00 ± 1.02, 0.50 ± 1.02, 1.00 ± 1.02, 0.50 ± 1.02, 1.00 ± 1.02, and 2.50 ± 1.02 (amongst sample A to G respectively) and tensile strength (6.50 ± 1.31, 6.50 ± 1.31, 3.50 ± 1.31, 5.50 ± 1.31, 3.50 ± 1.31, 4.50 ± 1.31, and 6.00 ± 1.31(among group A to G respectively). Groups B and G showed a reduced water absorption rate, making it a viable option for packaging applications. The findings indicate that combining waste maize cob and fermented maize starch can produce a high-performance bioplastic with potential applications in industries that require environmentally friendly and biodegradable materials, particularly packaging