ASSESSING WOMEN'S AWARENESS AND PRACTICE OF BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION IN IRAQ: IMPLICATIONS FOR EARLY BREAST CANCER DETECTION

Abstract

Breast cancer is a global health concern with significant morbidity and mortality, especially among women. This study assesses women's awareness and practice of breast self-examination (BSE) in Iraq and explores its implications for early breast cancer detection. Despite being a predominantly female-afflicting cancer, breast cancer affects men in a minority of cases. Its early detection is paramount, as it can lead to successful treatment and improved survival rates. The study reviews various breast cancer screening methods, including mammography, clinical breast examination (CBE), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), breast ultrasound (US), and advanced technological imaging. Mammography, the most widely recognized X-ray-based screening method, is recommended for women of varying ages, with guidelines from organizations such as the American Cancer Society (ACS) and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). CBE, a manual physical examination, is recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) for women aged 25-39 at a frequency of 1-3 years. Breast MRI, typically reserved for high-risk individuals, is increasingly considered for average-risk women due to its potential advantages. Breast self-examination, once advocated widely, is now no longer recommended as it has not shown significant reductions in breast cancer mortality. The study emphasizes the importance of early breast cancer detection, with evidence suggesting that screening can lead to better survival rates. Early-stage breast cancer is more responsive to treatment, resulting in a 5-year relative survival rate of up to 99% for localized breast cancer. Screening programs, such as mammography, have been shown to decrease mortality and the risk of disease progression. Breast ultrasound, often used in conjunction with mammography, offers higher detection rates, especially for women with dense breasts. The study highlights the need for increased awareness among women and healthcare providers regarding the available screening methods and their appropriateness based on individual risk factors. It also underscores the importance of allocating resources for advanced screening techniques and encourages adherence to updated screening guidelines. Early detection through breast cancer screening remains a critical strategy in reducing breast cancer-related morbidity and mortality