AN APPRAISAL OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR DATA SECURITY PROTECTION FOR HEALTH INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA

Abstract

This study appraises the legal framework for data security and protection within health institutions in Nigeria, focusing on the adequacy, effectiveness, and enforcement of existing legislation. As the health care sector increasingly adopts digital technologies for patient records, diagnostics, and management, safeguarding sensitive health information has become critical. This appraisal examines key legislation, including the Nigeria Data Protection Regulation (NDPR), the Cybercrimes Act, and sector-specific guidelines, assessing their capacity to protect patient privacy and ensure data security. The research identified gaps in legal protections, such as insufficient enforcement mechanisms, lack of comprehensive cyber security standards, and limited awareness of data privacy rights among health care providers and patients. Additionally, it considers the alignment of Nigeria’s legal framework with international best practices, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and evaluates the extent to which Nigerian laws accommodate the unique privacy concerns within the healthcare sector. Findings from this appraisal reveal that while foundational regulations are in place, there is an urgent need for more robust and sector-specific data protection measures tailored to health institutions. The recommendations include enhanced regulatory oversight, stricter penalties for data breaches, and increased investment in cyber security infrastructure within health institutions. The study concludes that strengthening the legal framework for data security in Nigeria’s health care sector is essential for building public trust, protecting patient rights, and advancing the country’s digital health objectives