CLIMATE-DRIVEN CHANGES IN VEGETATION DYNAMICS: KHANTAI NURUU, MONGOLIA PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

Irrigation plays a pivotal role in sustaining global agriculture and ensuring food security. The significance of irrigated agriculture is particularly evident in India, where it has significantly contributed to food production. This paper delves into the intricate challenges associated with irrigated agriculture, highlighting the diverse sources of irrigation that are essential for sustaining agricultural productivity. The reliability and flexibility of these irrigation sources are influenced by various limiting factors. The study draws insights from previous research, which underscores the dynamic nature of irrigation systems and their profound impact on agricultural production. Focusing on the context of Haryana, a northern Indian state, the research sheds light on the unique irrigation modes prevalent in the region. The two primary modes of irrigation, namely tubewells and canals, account for the entire irrigation spectrum. The West Yamuna and Bhakra canals take center stage as the major irrigation networks, each encompassing an intricate web of canals, distributaries, minors, sub-minors, watercourses, water drains, and nullahs. These canal systems, with origins dating back to the British colonial era, have been pivotal in shaping the agricultural landscape of Haryana. A critical aspect of the water distribution system in these canal networks is the "Warabandi" mechanism, which allocates water usage across the Culturable Command Area (CCA) of each outlet. Furthermore, the study highlights the role of lift canals in the region's water distribution. These canals, catering to elevated sandy upland areas, ingeniously employ pump houses to elevate water from the Western Yamuna Canal system. The research emphasizes the importance of understanding the historical, topographical, and technological underpinnings of these irrigation systems to effectively manage water resources and enhance agricultural productivity. In conclusion, this study underscores the intricate relationship between irrigation systems and agricultural productivity, particularly in the context of Haryana, India. The historical evolution of canal systems, coupled with the innovative utilization of lift canals, showcases the region's resilience in optimizing water distribution for sustainable agricultural growth. This research contributes to a deeper comprehension of the factors shaping irrigated agriculture, offering valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners engaged in water resource management and food security enhancement.