SMART MONITORING OF DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS: VOLTAGE, CURRENT, AND GAS DETECTION VIA IOT

Abstract

The distribution network plays a vital role in electricity distribution but is susceptible to various disturbances that can jeopardize its performance and damage distribution transformers. Safety devices and voltage breakers are commonly used to address disturbances, but they may fail to provide adequate protection during temporary network disruptions. Such disturbances can lead to fluctuations in voltage, current, temperature, and gas levels in the distribution transformer. To address these challenges, the implementation of a reliable monitoring system becomes crucial. Monitoring, as an observation activity with a specific purpose, has evolved with the advancement of technology. The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a wireless telecommunications technology that enables objects and devices to communicate with each other. IoT-based monitoring systems have shown promise in remote monitoring applications, exemplified by smart metering for real-time monitoring and control of public services like electricity, water, and gas consumption. This research revolves around the development of a monitoring system for distribution transformers, focusing on the measurement of voltage unbalance, overload, current unbalance, and distribution transformer oil temperature. The study also delves into monitoring methane and hydrogen gas levels in the distribution transformer, which are critical indicators of potential issues. The proposed system integrates sensors like ZMPT101B for voltage readings, SCT013-00 for current measurements, and DS18B20 for temperature monitoring.

The project's main objective is to create a novel "Voltage, Current, Temperature Monitoring System, Methane, and Hydrogen Gas Levels in Distribution Transformers Based on the Internet of Things." With this system, monitoring operations can be conducted from a distance, ensuring convenience and flexibility. The sensor readings exhibit a high level of accuracy, with an error margin of only ± 1.8% when compared to a digital multimeter. Additionally, the research introduces a new measurement approach that utilizes the Blynk platform, enhancing accessibility and speed of the process.

The paper also draws inspiration from related research on IoT, which allows users to monitor electricity consumption without the need to be physically present at the location. Building upon these findings, the authors aim to design a microcontroller-based "Electrical Energy Monitoring and Control System in Boarding Rooms based on the Internet of Things (IoT)." The system aims to empower power users by providing real-time data on electricity consumption in boarding rooms, enabling efficient consumption management and savings.