ASSESSMENT OF PREVALENCE AND RELATED FACTORS OF DIARRHEAL DISEASES AMONG UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN IN SABAH, MALAYSIA: A HOSPITAL-BASED STUDY

Abstract

Diarrheal diseases remain a significant public health concern, particularly among under-five children, in Sabah, Malaysia. This hospital-based study aimed to assess the prevalence and related factors associated with diarrheal diseases in this vulnerable population.

From March to June 2017, data were collected using convenience sampling at the Menggatal health clinic in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. A total of 210 under-five children were enrolled, with 105 cases of acute diarrhoea and 105 matched controls. Findings revealed that children aged between six and 11 months were most susceptible to diarrheal episodes, with boys showing a higher incidence. Socioeconomic status played a significant role, as children from households with lower income and education levels were at greater risk. Poor environmental conditions, including overcrowding, the presence of pets, unsafe drinking water sources, lack of proper sanitation facilities, and unsanitary garbage disposal, were all associated with an increased risk of diarrheal diseases.

Notably, caregiver knowledge emerged as a crucial factor, with children of caregivers possessing better knowledge of diarrheal disease prevention and management experiencing lower risk. The economic impact of diarrheal diseases on families was also highlighted, as the costs associated with seeking healthcare for diarrheal episodes posed a substantial burden.

This study underscores the ongoing presence of risk factors for diarrheal diseases among under-five children in Sabah, Malaysia. It emphasizes the importance of environmental hygiene, proper sanitation, and caregiver education in reducing the prevalence of these diseases. Additionally, efforts to alleviate the economic burden on affected families are warranted. These findings can inform targeted interventions and policies to enhance child health in the region