PATTERNS AND FACTORS OF INSULIN RESISTANCE IN NIGERIAN TYPE 2 DIABETES

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a global public health concern, reaching regions previously considered unaffected, such as rural Africa. The prevalence of DM is increasing worldwide, especially in developing areas due to factors like population aging and urbanization. Current projections indicate a significant rise in the number of people affected by DM, with estimates suggesting a 54% increase in the global adult diabetic population from 2010 to 2030.

DM comprises a group of metabolic disorders characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, resulting from insufficient insulin production or the body's decreased response to insulin. The classic symptoms of DM include frequent urination, increased thirst, and heightened hunger, which are all consequences of disrupted fluid and energy metabolism. The most common form of DM is type 2 diabetes, primarily characterized by insulin resistance and, to some extent, reduced insulin secretion.

As the disease progresses, insulin resistance plays a dominant role, leading to hyperglycemia. Managing this stage involves measures and medications to enhance insulin sensitivity and reduce liver glucose production. However, if these efforts fail to maintain blood glucose control, patients may require insulin therapy, especially when they become insulin resistant. Over 40% of individuals with type 2 DM eventually necessitate insulin treatment.