CAMEROONIAN AUDIT LANDSCAPE: DECIPHERING THE INFLUENCERS ON AUDIT FEE STRUCTURES
Abstract
This study delves into the intricate dynamics of external audit fees, a subject of profound interest to both companies and auditors. While companies aspire for cost-effective audits, audit firms seek to maximize their service charges. The determination of audit fees holds significance for national and international professional bodies as it sets the foundation for fee structures. Simunic's seminal work in 1980 initiated an empirical examination of audit fee determinants in the private sector, focusing on publicly quoted companies. His research underscored that audit fees are influenced by factors such as auditee size, operational complexity, and challenges in financial statement auditing.
The study underscores the heightened complexity and challenges in managing companies, particularly financial institutions, on a global scale. Notably, the Enron scandal in 2000, which deeply rattled the auditing profession, highlighted the critical issue of auditor independence. Despite earning substantial audit fees, Enron's auditor, Arthur Andersen, failed to uphold its professional responsibilities in auditing the company's financial statements. This catastrophe raises serious questions about the integrity of certified public accountants serving as auditors.
This research sheds light on the multifaceted landscape of audit fees, exploring the various determinants and their implications. The Enron and WorldCom scandals serve as cautionary tales, emphasizing the need for robust oversight and ethical conduct in the auditing profession.
Keywords:
Audit Fees, Determinants, Auditor Independence, Enron Scandal, Financial InstitutionsDownloads
Published
Issue
Section
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Michael Fossung Ngwa

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Abdullah, A. M.& Kamal, N. (2017). An Empirical Investigation of Factors Affecting Audit Fee: Evidence from Kuwait. Management Science Journal, 1(23): 333-347.
Alhassan, M. (2017).Determinants of Audit Fees in a Developing Economy.Evidence from Ghana.International Business Research, 7, 11-20.
Amba, S. M. & Al-Hajere, F. K. (2012).Determinants of Audit Fees in Bahrain.An Empirical Study.Journal of Finance and Accounting, 1-10.
Bedard, T. C. &Johnstone, K. M. (2012). Audit Partner Tenure and Audit Planning and Pricing .Auditing.A Journal of Practice and Theory, 29(2): 45-55.
Chan, P., Ezzamel, M. &Gwillian, D. (1993). Determinants of Audit Fees for quoted UK Companies. Journal of Business Finance Accounting, 20(6): 765-786.
Daniel, T. S.(2005). The Market for Audit Service in Germany.The Journal of Applied Business Research, 1(3):16-20.
Dao, M.& Pham, T. (2004). Audit Tenure, Auditor Specialisations and Audit Fees Report Lag. Managerial Auditing Journal, 29(4): 490-512.
David, D. (2020). Costs of Debt and Equity Funds for Business.Trends and Problems of Measurement. Management Science Journal, 5(24):194-200.
Edosa, A.&Chinwuba, A.O. (2015).Auditee Characteristics and Audit Fees. An Analysis of Nigerian quoted Companies. International Journal of Research, 4(13): 65-100.
Elina T.&Heikki, H. (2020).Effects of Indebtness.Management Science Journal, 10(1): 489-502.
Elkana, K. K. (2016). Determinants of Audit Fees Pricing.International Journal of Research, 6(15): 23-35.
Ellis, Y.& Booker, Q. L. (2010). Audit Fee Determinants in the Non Profit Sector. Columbia State University. International Journal of Auditing, 7(11): 15-30.
Fitriya, F. & Stuart, L. (2012).Board Structure, Ownership Structure and Firm Performance. A Study of New Zealand listed firms. Asian Academy of Management. Journal of Accounting and Finance, 8(2): 43-67.
Fleming, D. K., &Romanus, N. R. (2004).Auditor Industry Specialisation and Audit Fees surrounding section 404 implementation.Review of Accounting and Finance, 13(4): 353-370.
Francis, (2020).Banking Crises in Nigerian Financial Institutions.Auditing.Journal of Recent Sciences, 7(1): 121-153.
Francis, J. R. (1984). The Effect of Auditor Firm Size on Audit Prices.A Study of the Australian Market.Journal of Accounting and Economics, 6(1): 131-151.
Gonthier, B.&Schatt, A. (2007). Determinants of Audit Fees for French quoted Firms. Managerial Auditing Journal, 22(2): 139-160.
Hassan, Y. M. &Naser, K. (2018).Determinants of Audit Fees.Evidence from an Emerging Economy.International Business Research, 6(8):13-40.
Hay, D. (2008). Further Evidence from Meta- Analysis of Audit Fees Research.International Journal of Auditing, 17(2): 712-800.
Hossain, M. N.&Sobhan, R. (2019).Determinants of Audit Fees.Evidence from Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industry of Bangladesh.International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, 4(1): 815-821.
Ivam, R. P. (2015). Determinants of Audit Fees.The Journal of Applied Business Research, 1(10): 50-59.
Jensen, M. C.&Meckling, W. H. (1976).Theory of the Firm.Managerial Behaviour, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure.Journal of Financial Economics, 3(10): 305-360.
Jussi, N.& Petri, S. (2004). Does Agency Theory provide a General Framework for Audit Pricing? International Journal of Auditing, 8(3): 26-80.
Karol, R. &Piotr, M. (2019).Determinants of Audit Fees.Evidence from Poland.Central European Economic Journal, 323-336.
Kueda, W. B. &Ngassa, M. (2019).The Auditor- Auditee Relationship and the Independence of Auditors in the Context of Cameroon. International Journal of Management Science, (2): 463-467.
Lui, S. H. (2017). An Empirical Study. Auditors Characteristics and Audit Fees.Open Journal of Accounting, 6(1): 5270.
Merve, A. &Rafet, A. (2019). Effect of Auditor Characteristics on Audit Fees.The Journal of Applied Business Research, 2(10): 120-183.
Meshari, O. (2010). The Pricing of Audit Services.Evidence from Kuwait.Managerial Auditing Journal, 23(7): 685696.
Niemi, L. (2019). Auditors Size and Audit Pricing.Evidence from Smaller Audit Firms.European Accounting Review, 13(3): 541-560.
Pavel, K.& Alexander, M. (2019).Ownership Structure and Firm Performance in Russia.Economics Education and Research Consortium, 6(2): 98-219.
Read, K. (2020). Model to Determine Main Factors used to Measure Audit Fees. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 24(1): 359-400.
Sanghoon, L. (2008). Ownership Structure and Financial Performance. Evidence from Panel Data of South Korea. International Business Journal, 17(1): 17-44.
Siheng, L.(2017). An Empirical Study.Auditors Characteristics and Audit Fee.Open Journal of Accounting, 6(1): 52-70. Simon, D., T., & Taylor, M. H. (2004).A Survey of Audit Pricing in Ireland.International Journal of Auditing, 6(1): 312.
Simunic, D. A. (1980).The Pricing of Audit Services.Theory and Evidence.Journal of Accounting Research, 18(1): 161190.
Owu, S. A.&Stergios, L. &Constantinos, C. (2010). The Pricing of Statutory Audit Services in Greece. Accounting Forum. Science Direct, 34(76): 139-152.
Taylor, M. (2004).Determinants of Audit Fees.The Importance of Litigation Disclosure and Regulatory Burdens in Audit Engagements in 20 countries.The International Journal of Accounting, 34(3): 375-388.
Walid, G. (2012). Determinants of Audit Fees.Evidence from Lebanon, International Business Research, 5(11): 20-12.
Xu, Y. (2011). The Determinants of Audit Fees.An Empirical Study of ' 'China's Listed Companies.Journal of International Accounting and Auditing. 1(17): 45-60.
Yousef, H. (2013). Determinants of Audit Fees.Evidence from an Emerging Economy.International Business Research, 6(1):142-155.