CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT IN PUDUCHERRY

Abstract

Groundwater depletion has become a major issue in many regions of India, including Puducherry. The rapid growth of population and urbanization has led to the over-extraction of groundwater, resulting in a serious threat to the availability of water. In this study, the authors assess the current groundwater scenario in Puducherry, determine the per capita demand for water, evaluate the deficit groundwater, and analyze the key issues and challenges related to groundwater depletion, including the non-availability of sufficient water, lowering of the water table, reduction in other sources of water, deterioration of water quality due to saltwater intrusion, and land subsidence. The authors suggest solutions such as awareness programs for judicious use of water, stronger laws to minimize water wastage, and artificial groundwater recharge techniques based on soil type, hydro-geological factors, and climate. The authors also recommend building percolation shafts, run-off structures, increasing the number of recharging structures, and conducting further studies to deal with groundwater depletion. Without necessary actions, Puducherry may face a zero-day situation where people struggle for potable water. Therefore, an integrated approach is required to conserve and manage groundwater resources effectively.